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Off the coast of Sicily in southern Italy, scientists have discovered a large deposit of ancient carbon.
The material was deposited approximately 460 million years ago, but it contains a wealth of information about life on earth around that time.
"The discovery is important for understanding the origin of carbonate deposits and how they accumulated, and also how they were buried," said Dr. Alvaro Bonito, a geologist at the University of Padova in Italy.
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Off the coast of Sicily in southern Italy, scientists have discovered a large deposit of ancient carbon. Researchers estimate the material was deposited approximately 460 million years ago, but it contains a wealth of information about life on earth around that time
DATING THE CARBON
Researchers estimate the carbon was deposited from mud surrounding a volcanic eruption. They also know it was deposited on the sea floor and it is rich in the isotope carbon-13. This lets researchers date the carbon based on the amount of the isotope that is present in living things and the fossil remains that are left behind.
The researchers used modern chemical methods to extract the original carbon from the fossilized material and then they compared it to the carbon in a plant that grows on volcanic deposits on the ocean floor.
They then used that to calculate how old the carbon was and the date that was approximately 460 million years ago.
The researchers also estimated how much oxygen there was in the water at the time, which they compared to an oxygen level in the modern day.
The deposit the team discovered is situated around the island of Vulcano, on the coast of Sicily
THE EARLY WORLD
The scientists estimated there was about 0.8 percent oxygen in the water at the time and that level of oxygen has remained relatively constant for the past 500 million years.
The carbon deposit provides an estimate of how much oxygen was in the ocean around 460 million years ago and has remained relatively stable for the past 500
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